OPINION: Congo–Rwanda Peace Deal Offers Hope, but Real Peace Will Depend on Action

The peace deal signed in Washington between Rwanda and the Democratic Republic of Congo is a rare breakthrough in one of Africa’s longest-running conflicts. After years of tension, the two countries agreed to work together to end fighting in eastern DRC, where armed groups have displaced millions and destabilized the region for decades.

The agreement, brokered by the United States and Qatar, includes a plan for Rwanda to withdraw its forces from Congolese territory within 90 days and for both sides to stop supporting rebel groups.

It also outlines steps toward joint security coordination and increased economic cooperation, particularly around mineral exports.

This is not the first time the two countries have pledged to end hostilities. But this deal comes at a time when the region is desperate for stability. For communities in eastern Congo, where violence has become a part of daily life, even a small window for peace is welcome.

Still, the challenges ahead are serious.

Most of the armed groups involved in the conflict, such as the M23 rebels and the FDLR, were not included in the talks. Without their involvement, the risk remains that fighting could continue on the ground, even if political leaders shake hands in foreign capitals.

Also missing from the deal is a plan for justice. Civilians in eastern Congo have endured decades of massacres, sexual violence, and displacement. Many survivors want more than a ceasefire, they want accountability. Without addressing these demands, peace may feel shallow and temporary.

The deal also shows how dependent African countries still are on outside help to resolve internal conflicts. While the U.S. and Qatar played key roles in making this agreement happen, it will be up to African institutions, like the African Union and the East African Community, to ensure it is implemented.

For the DRC and Rwanda, this could be a turning point. If they follow through, the region could move toward peace and economic cooperation. If not, it may be another missed chance in a long list of failed efforts.

What matters now is action. Agreements mean little without results on the ground. The people of eastern Congo need more than promises, they need safety, justice, and a future without fear.

By Fauxile Kibet 

The writer is a journalist and political analyst based in Nairobi. The views expressed are his own.